Wolkenstein K., Głuchowski E., Gross J.H., Marynowski L. (2008) Hypericinoid pigments in Millericrinids from the Lower Kimmeridgian of the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland) // Palaios. Vol. 23, Issue 11, P.773-777. pdf: http://www.bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.2110/palo.2008.p08-021r
Purple to violet colored millericrinids (Crinoidea) are described from the lower Kimmeridgian of the Małogoszcz quarry, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. By chemical analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography, ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry, the organic compounds were characterized as a homologous series of hypericinoid pigments ranging from C28H12O8 (fringelite F) to C36H28O8. The results indicate that hypericinoid pigments were more widespread in millericrinids than previously known. The presence of new hypericin derivatives in the fossil crinoids with characteristic alkyl side chains shows that Mesozoic hypericinoid pigments were closely related to recent crinoidal pigments.
